Lesson Plan no: 1
Level: B.Ed. III Year Date:
24th Kartik 2068
Title:
Translation equivalence
Objectives:
1.
To define, classify and exemplify translation
equivalence
2.
To find out problems in search of Tran equivalence
3.
To manage the problems of Tran equivalence
Materials:
Hand-out, Teacher’s note
Content:
Equivalence in Tran
1. Definition:
·
The extreme possible correspondence between SL
text and TL text on various linguistic levels such as morphemes, words,
phrases, clauses, idiom and proverbs.
·
emerges during 1950s and 60s (Hatim, 2001:14)
2. Types:
·
Nida (1964)
i)
Formal Equivalence ii)
Dynamic Equivalence
·
Catford (1964)
i)
Textual Equivalence ii)
Pragmatics Equivalence
·
Newmark (1981)
i)
Semantic Equivalence ii)
Communicative Equivalence
3. Problems:
Krishnaswami says:
“Translation
is like a Woman if beautiful, it cannot be faithful and if faithful, it cannot
be beautiful.”
(Cited in
Das, 2008, p.1)
Cicero (First
century BC) who forwards his viewpoint on word -for-word and sense-for-sense
translation has put forward the following words:
“If I tender for word, the result will sound
uncouth and if compelled by necessity I alter anything in the order or wording.
I shall seem to have departed from the function of a translator.” (Cited in
Das, 2008, p.37)
·
Lgs are different on lingu. features and
cultural feature
·
No sameness betn two lgs cause loss
or gain in Tran
eg. SL:
Kathmandu ma dosro Pashupatinath
mileko jasto bhan parna thaleko thiyo
TL:
………………some felt a living Apollo. (The Wake of the White Tiger: 247)
·
Metaphore
SL:
kalo bhut jasto Madhya raat thiyo
TL: The
midnight was pitch-dark like a ghost.
(The
Stories of Conflict and War: 110 in Adhikari, 2009)
·
Same words have different meaning in different
culture
When
we translate Shakespeare’s “Shall I
compare thee to a summer’s Day” literally may not fit for the country where
the summer is unpleasant (Bassnett, 2002.p30). Bhuja for rice is not acceptable in the culture where they prefer ‘bhat ’for the same; and they mean
something else by ‘bhuja’.
·
Socio-cultural matrix i.e. culture-bound words
Gundruk-
fermented and dried vegetable
Dhoti-
loin cloth
4. Solution:
·
Transference
·
Notes
& Paraphrasing
·
Naturalization
·
Glossary
·
Addition
& deletion
5.
Conclusion:……………………………..
6. References:
Adhikari, Bal Ram (2009). Theoretical
and Practical Consideration about Aesthetic Approach to Literary Translation, 30th Annual Conference
of the Linguistic Society of Nepal
Baker, Mona (1992). In Other Words: A
Course-book on Translation, London: Routledge
Das, B.K. (2008) A Handbook of Translation
Studies, India: Atlantic Publishers & Distributers
Hatim, Basil (2001) Teaching and Researching
Translation, London: Pearson Education
Newmark, Peter (1988) A Coursebook of Translation, New York:
Prentice Hall
By:
Ranjit Kr Singh
M.R.C
Tahachal
ranjitks658@gmail.com
